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Africa
Population:
Approximately 2.7 million (2024)
Mokgweetsi Masisi
Botswana, located in Southern Africa, is a landlocked nation renowned for its stable democracy, economic growth, and rich wildlife. Since gaining independence from Britain in 1966, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the world’s poorest countries into a middle-income nation, largely due to its diamond mining industry. The country boasts one of the highest per capita incomes in Africa. Gaborone, the capital, is a hub of economic and political activity. Botswana’s economy is diversified, with significant contributions from tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing. The country is also known for its commitment to environmental conservation, with a large portion of its land designated as national parks and reserves.
Africa
Cameroon
Population:
Approximately 28.2 million (2024)
Paul Biya
Cameroon, located in Central Africa, is a culturally diverse country often referred to as “Africa in miniature” due to its varied landscapes, climates, and cultures. The country is bordered by Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. Cameroon is rich in natural resources, including oil, timber, and agricultural products. Despite its economic potential, the country faces challenges such as political instability and a complex socio-political landscape, particularly in its Anglophone regions. President Paul Biya has been in power since 1982, making him one of the longest-serving leaders in Africa.
Africa
Gabon
Population:
Approximately 2.3 million (2024)
Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema
Gabon, located on the west coast of Central Africa, is a country known for its lush rainforests, which cover nearly 85% of its land area. This biodiversity hotspot is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including gorillas, elephants, and numerous bird species. Gabon’s economy is heavily reliant on oil, which has provided the country with one of the highest per capita incomes in Africa. However, the country faces challenges such as economic inequality and dependency on oil exports. In 2023, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema became the president following a military coup, marking a significant shift in the country’s political landscape.
Africa
Gambia
Population:
Approximately 2.8 million (2024)
Adama Barrow
The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, situated along the Gambia River and surrounded by Senegal, except for its Atlantic coastline. Known for its diverse ecosystems, particularly the wetlands and rainforests in its interior, The Gambia is a popular destination for eco-tourism. The economy is primarily agricultural, with groundnuts being the main export. In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important to the economy. Since the end of Yahya Jammeh’s 22-year rule in 2017, The Gambia has been working on strengthening its democratic institutions under the leadership of President Adama Barrow.
Africa
Ghana
Population:
Approximately 34.2 million (2024)
Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
Ghana, located in West Africa, is a nation rich in history, culture, and natural resources. It was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule in 1957. Known for its political stability and strong democratic institutions, Ghana has a diversified economy, with significant contributions from gold, cocoa, and oil. The country is also recognized for its vibrant arts and cultural scenes, as well as its role in pan-African movements. Accra, the capital, is a bustling metropolis that reflects the country’s progress and modernization efforts.
Africa
Kenya
Population:
Approximately 55.9 million (2024)
William Ruto
Kenya, located in East Africa, is known for its diverse landscapes, from the savannahs of the Maasai Mara to the coastal beaches along the Indian Ocean. The country has a robust economy driven by agriculture, tourism, and technology, often referred to as the “Silicon Savannah” due to its growing tech industry. Kenya plays a significant role in regional politics and is a key player in the East African Community. Nairobi, the capital, is a major commercial hub in Africa. Under President William Ruto, Kenya continues to focus on economic development, infrastructure expansion, and digital innovation.
Africa
Kingdom of Eswatini
Population:
Approximately 1.2 million (2024)
King Mswati III
The Kingdom of Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is one of the last absolute monarchies in the world. Nestled between South Africa and Mozambique, Eswatini is known for its rich cultural traditions, stunning landscapes, and wildlife reserves. The country’s economy is largely based on agriculture, forestry, and mining, with sugar being one of its main exports. King Mswati III, who has ruled since 1986, exercises significant control over the government. Despite its small size, Eswatini plays a unique role in the region, maintaining a distinct cultural identity while facing challenges such as poverty and HIV/AIDS.
Africa
Lesotho
Population:
Approximately 2.2 million (2024)
Sam Matekane
Lesotho, a high-altitude, landlocked country encircled by South Africa, is known as the “Kingdom in the Sky” due to its mountainous terrain. The country has a unique geographical and cultural identity, with a history deeply intertwined with South Africa. Lesotho’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, livestock, and remittances from migrant laborers in South Africa. Additionally, the country has significant water resources, which are crucial for both domestic use and export to South Africa. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Sam Matekane, Lesotho is focusing on addressing socio-economic challenges, including poverty, unemployment, and the impact of HIV/AIDS.
Africa
Malawi
Population:
Approximately 21.6 million (2024)
Lazarus Chakwera
Malawi, known as the “Warm Heart of Africa,” is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, characterized by its friendly people and stunning landscapes, including the famous Lake Malawi. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy, with tobacco, tea, and sugar being the main exports. Despite its rich natural resources, Malawi faces significant challenges, including poverty, high population growth, and healthcare issues. President Lazarus Chakwera, elected in 2020, is focused on improving the country’s infrastructure, healthcare, and education systems, while also tackling corruption and economic reforms.
Africa
Mauritius
Population:
Approximately 1.3 million (2024)
Prithvirajsing Roopun
Mauritius, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its stunning beaches, diverse culture, and strong economy. Since gaining independence in 1968, Mauritius has transformed itself from a low-income, agriculture-based economy into a middle-income, diversified economy with significant contributions from tourism, textiles, sugar, and financial services. The country is also a global leader in the field of environmental conservation, with a focus on sustainable development. Port Louis, the capital, is a vibrant city that serves as the economic and political hub of the country. President Prithvirajsing Roopun has been in office since 2019, representing a nation that is often celebrated as a model of stability and economic success in Africa.
Africa
Mozambique
Population:
Approximately 33.3 million (2024)
Filipe Nyusi
Mozambique, located on the southeastern coast of Africa, is known for its stunning coastline along the Indian Ocean, diverse culture, and rich history. The country has a wealth of natural resources, including natural gas, coal, and mineral deposits, which have the potential to significantly boost its economy. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy, employing the majority of the population. Since its independence from Portugal in 1975, Mozambique has faced challenges such as civil war, natural disasters, and poverty. However, it has made strides in recent years towards economic growth and development under the leadership of President Filipe Nyusi. The government is focused on expanding infrastructure, improving social services, and fostering foreign investment.
Africa
Namibia
Population:
Approximately 2.6 million (2024)
Hage Geingob
Namibia, located in southwestern Africa, is known for its vast desert landscapes, including the Namib Desert, which is considered the oldest desert in the world. The country gained independence from South Africa in 1990 and has since established a stable multiparty democracy. Namibia’s economy is heavily dependent on mining, particularly diamonds, uranium, and other minerals. Agriculture, tourism, and fishing are also important sectors. President Hage Geingob, who has been in office since 2015, focuses on economic diversification, poverty reduction, and enhancing social services. Namibia is also recognized for its commitment to wildlife conservation and sustainable tourism.
Africa
Nigeria
Population:
Approximately 223.8 million (2024)
Bola Ahmed Tinubu
Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is located in West Africa and is known for its diverse culture, languages, and vibrant economy. It is a regional powerhouse with a rapidly growing economy driven by oil and gas, agriculture, telecommunications, and services. However, the country faces significant challenges, including political instability, corruption, and security threats from militant groups. Since taking office in 2023, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has been focusing on economic reform, combating insecurity, and fostering national unity. Lagos, the largest city, is a major financial center in Africa, showcasing Nigeria’s potential as a hub for innovation and business.
Africa
Rwanda
Population:
Approximately 14.5 million (2024)
Paul Kagame
Rwanda, located in East-Central Africa, is known for its dramatic landscapes, including volcanoes, rainforests, and the iconic mountain gorillas. Since the 1994 genocide, Rwanda has undergone a remarkable transformation under the leadership of President Paul Kagame. The country is now considered a model of stability, economic growth, and good governance in Africa. Kigali, the capital, is known for its cleanliness and efficiency. Rwanda’s economy is driven by agriculture, tourism, and services, with a strong emphasis on technology and innovation. The government continues to focus on sustainable development, poverty reduction, and enhancing social services.
Africa
Seychelles
Population:
Approximately 100,000 (2024)
Wavel Ramkalawan
Seychelles, an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, is known for its pristine beaches, rich marine life, and unique biodiversity. As one of the smallest countries in Africa by population, Seychelles has a high Human Development Index and a robust economy primarily based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Under the leadership of President Wavel Ramkalawan, who took office in 2020, Seychelles has been focusing on environmental sustainability, economic diversification, and social welfare. The country is a leader in marine conservation and sustainable tourism, striving to balance development with environmental protection.
Africa
Sierra Leone
Population:
Approximately 8.4 million (2024)
Julius Maada Bio
Sierra Leone, located on the West African coast, is known for its rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes, and natural resources, including diamonds, gold, and bauxite. The country experienced a brutal civil war from 1991 to 2002, but has since made significant strides towards recovery, peace, and stability. Under President Julius Maada Bio, elected in 2018, Sierra Leone focuses on education, health, economic diversification, and anti-corruption efforts. Freetown, the capital, is a vibrant city that reflects the country’s history and aspirations for growth and development.
Africa
Togo
Population:
Approximately 9.6 million (2024)
Faure Gnassingbé
Togo, located in West Africa, is a small country known for its diverse geography, ranging from lagoons and sandy beaches to savannahs and hilly regions. The country relies heavily on agriculture, particularly cotton, coffee, and cocoa. Togo has been ruled by the Gnassingbé family for decades, with President Faure Gnassingbé in office since 2005. Despite political challenges, Togo has made efforts to improve its economic standing and infrastructure development. The government continues to focus on economic diversification, job creation, and improving social services.
Africa
South Africa
Population:
Approximately 60.2 million (2024)
Cyril Ramaphosa
South Africa, located at the southern tip of the African continent, is known for its diverse culture, history, and landscapes, ranging from the savannahs to the beaches of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The country is the second-largest economy in Africa and has a well-developed infrastructure and a strong industrial base. Since the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa has built a democratic society with strong institutions, although it still faces challenges such as economic inequality, unemployment, and social issues. President Cyril Ramaphosa, in office since 2018, is focused on economic reform, combating corruption, and fostering social cohesion.
Africa
Uganda
Population:
Approximately 48.6 million (2024)
Yoweri Museveni
Uganda, located in East Africa, is known for its diverse landscapes, including savannahs, lakes, and the snow-capped Rwenzori Mountains. The country has abundant natural resources, including fertile land and mineral deposits. Agriculture is a critical sector, employing the majority of the population. Since coming to power in 1986, President Yoweri Museveni has focused on economic reform and development, though his extended rule has been a subject of political debate. Uganda is also recognized for its efforts to combat HIV/AIDS and promote regional security.
Africa
United Republic of Tanzania
Population:
Approximately 67.6 million (2024)
Samia Suluhu Hassan
Tanzania, located in East Africa, is known for its diverse landscapes, including the Serengeti plains, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the islands of Zanzibar. The country is one of the most politically stable in Africa and has a growing economy driven by agriculture, mining, and tourism. Since becoming president in 2021, Samia Suluhu Hassan, the first female president of Tanzania, has been focusing on improving the business environment, economic growth, and addressing social issues. The government aims to achieve middle-income status through industrialization, infrastructure development, and regional trade integration.
Africa
Zambia
Population:
Approximately 20.2 million (2024)
Hakainde Hichilema
Zambia, located in Southern Africa, is known for its natural beauty, including the Victoria Falls, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. The country is rich in mineral resources, particularly copper, which is a significant contributor to its economy. Agriculture and tourism also play important roles. Under President Hakainde Hichilema, elected in 2021, Zambia is focusing on economic reform, tackling debt, and fighting corruption. Lusaka, the capital, is a key center for business and political activity, reflecting the nation’s aspirations for growth and development.
Asia
Bangladesh
Population:
Approximately 176.9 million (2024)
Mohammed Shahabuddin
Bangladesh, located in South Asia, is known for its rich cultural heritage and rapid economic growth. Since gaining independence in 1971, the country has made significant strides in reducing poverty, expanding education, and improving healthcare. It has one of the largest populations in the world, and its economy is heavily dependent on the textile industry, agriculture, and remittances. The nation’s capital, Dhaka, is a hub of commerce and culture. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the government has focused on infrastructure development, digitalization, and improving human capital. President Mohammed Shahabuddin, the current ceremonial head of state, was sworn in in 2023. Bangladesh also plays an active role in international organizations, including the United Nations and the Commonwealth.
Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Population:
Approximately 452,000 (2024)
Hassanal Bolkiah
Brunei Darussalam, located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo, is a small, wealthy nation known for its vast oil and gas reserves. The country has one of the highest standards of living in the world, thanks to its petroleum-based economy. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, who has been in power since 1967, serves as both the head of state and the prime minister, and his leadership has ensured political stability and economic prosperity. The government provides free healthcare, education, and housing to its citizens, contributing to Brunei’s high Human Development Index (HDI). Despite its size, Brunei plays an important role in regional organizations such as ASEAN and the Commonwealth.
Asia
India
Population:
Approximately 1.43 billion (2024)
Droupadi Murmu
India, the world’s largest democracy and second-most populous country, is located in South Asia. It is known for its diverse culture, history, and economy, which spans agriculture, technology, manufacturing, and services. India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades, becoming a global hub for information technology and innovation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in office since 2014, has focused on economic reform, infrastructure development, and digital transformation. President Droupadi Murmu, who took office in 2022, is the country’s ceremonial head of state. India plays a prominent role on the global stage, being a founding member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth, and a key player in international affairs.
Asia
Malaysia
Population:
Approximately 34.2 million (2024)
Abdullah of Pahang (Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
Malaysia, located in Southeast Asia, is a vibrant, multi-ethnic nation known for its economic progress and political stability. The country has a diverse economy that includes manufacturing, agriculture, and services, with tourism being a major contributor. Malaysia is unique in having a constitutional monarchy, with King Abdullah of Pahang currently serving as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the ceremonial head of state, while Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim leads the government. Since gaining independence in 1957, Malaysia has built a strong infrastructure, fostering growth in sectors such as electronics, oil and gas, and palm oil. It is also a member of ASEAN and the Commonwealth, playing a key role in regional diplomacy and trade.
Asia
Maldives
Population:
Approximately 560,000 (2024)
Mohamed Muizzu
The Maldives, located in the Indian Ocean, is known for its stunning coral islands and luxurious resorts, making tourism the backbone of its economy. The country comprises 26 atolls and is one of the world’s most vulnerable nations to climate change due to its low-lying geography. In recent years, the Maldives has focused on environmental sustainability and diversifying its economy beyond tourism. Mohamed Muizzu was elected president in 2023, and his administration is prioritizing development, climate action, and regional cooperation. Despite its small size, the Maldives is a significant voice in climate diplomacy and an active member of the Commonwealth.
Asia
Pakistan
Population:
Approximately 249.6 million (2024)
Arif Alvi
Pakistan, located in South Asia, is known for its diverse geography, from the Himalayas in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south. It has a rich cultural heritage, deeply rooted in history, religion, and traditions. Pakistan’s economy relies heavily on agriculture, manufacturing, and remittances. The country faces challenges, including political instability, poverty, and security concerns. The current caretaker Prime Minister, Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar, leads the government, while President Arif Alvi serves as the ceremonial head of state. Pakistan plays an important role in regional and global affairs and is a member of the Commonwealth, OIC, and the United Nations.
Asia
Singapore
Population:
Approximately 5.6 million (2024)
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
Singapore, a city-state in Southeast Asia, is renowned for its economic success, modern infrastructure, and efficient governance. Despite its small size, it has become a global financial hub, known for its high standard of living and multicultural society. Singapore’s economy is diverse, with strengths in finance, manufacturing, and technology. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong has been in office since 2004, guiding the country through continued development and innovation. President Tharman Shanmugaratnam, elected in 2023, serves as the ceremonial head of state. Singapore is a key player in international trade and diplomacy, maintaining strong ties with the Commonwealth and global institutions.
Asia
Sri Lanka
Population:
Approximately 22.2 million (2024)
Anura Kumara Dissanayake
Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty. Its economy is largely based on agriculture, tourism, and textiles. However, the country has faced significant political and economic challenges in recent years, including a severe economic crisis in 2022. President Ranil Wickremesinghe and Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena are focused on economic recovery, fiscal reforms, and political stability. Sri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean makes it an important player in regional geopolitics. It is a member of the Commonwealth, playing an active role in diplomatic and trade relations across the region.
Caribbean and Americas
Antigua and Barbuda
Population:
Approximately 94,000 (2024)
Gaston Browne
Antigua and Barbuda, a twin-island nation in the Caribbean, is known for its beautiful beaches and tourism-driven economy. Tourism accounts for the majority of the country’s GDP, but the government is working to diversify the economy, focusing on sectors such as financial services and information technology. Antigua is home to historic sites like Nelson’s Dockyard, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Prime Minister Gaston Browne, who took office in 2014, continues to promote economic reforms and infrastructure development. The country is a proud member of the Commonwealth, playing a significant role in regional organizations like CARICOM.
Caribbean and Americas
Bahamas
Population:
Approximately 401,000 (2024)
Philip Davis
The Bahamas is an archipelago of over 700 islands and cays in the Atlantic Ocean, known for its vibrant tourism industry. With its pristine beaches and crystal-clear waters, the country attracts millions of visitors each year, contributing significantly to its economy. Aside from tourism, the Bahamas also has a growing financial services sector. The government, led by Prime Minister Philip Davis since 2021, is working to strengthen the economy and address environmental challenges, particularly those posed by climate change. The Bahamas is a key player in the Commonwealth and CARICOM, advocating for small island states on the global stage.
Caribbean and Americas
Barbados
Population:
Approximately 288,000 (2024)
Sandra Mason
Barbados, located in the eastern Caribbean, transitioned from a constitutional monarchy to a republic in 2021, with Sandra Mason becoming the country’s first president. The nation is celebrated for its cultural heritage, including its historic capital Bridgetown, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The economy is driven by tourism, financial services, and agriculture, particularly sugarcane and rum production. Prime Minister Mia Mottley, known for her leadership on climate action and social reform, has been in office since 2018. Barbados remains a committed member of the Commonwealth and actively participates in international discussions on climate change, trade, and human rights.
Caribbean and Americas
Belize
Population:
Approximately 436,000 (2024)
John Briceño
Belize, located in Central America, is known for its rich biodiversity and the Belize Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country’s economy is based on agriculture, tourism, and services, with sugar, citrus, and bananas being key exports. Prime Minister John Briceño, who took office in 2020, has focused on economic recovery, environmental protection, and indigenous rights. Belize has a multicultural population, reflecting its unique history as both a British colony and a Central American nation. As a member of the Commonwealth and CARICOM, Belize plays an active role in regional diplomacy and environmental conservation.
Caribbean and Americas
Canada
Population:
Approximately 40.2 million (2024)
Justin Trudeau
Canada, the second-largest country in the world by land area, is known for its vast natural resources, strong economy, and multicultural society. With a diverse economy that includes industries such as energy, technology, and manufacturing, Canada is a leading global player. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, in office since 2015, has emphasized policies on climate change, indigenous rights, and economic inclusivity. Mary Simon, the first Indigenous Governor General of Canada, represents the Queen as the head of state. Canada is a major force in international organizations, including the Commonwealth, the G7, and the United Nations, promoting peace, development, and human rights.
Caribbean and Americas
Dominica
Population:
Approximately 74,000 (2024)
Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominica, often referred to as the “Nature Island” of the Caribbean, is renowned for its lush rainforests, waterfalls, and geothermal activity. The economy is based on agriculture, tourism, and eco-tourism, with the government emphasizing sustainability and resilience, particularly in response to natural disasters. Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, who has been in power since 2004, has focused on rebuilding infrastructure, diversifying the economy, and addressing climate change. Dominica is an active member of the Commonwealth and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), advocating for sustainable development and climate resilience.
Caribbean and Americas
Grenada
Population:
Approximately 125,000 (2024)
Dickon Mitchell
Grenada, known as the “Spice Isle” due to its production of nutmeg and other spices, is a small Caribbean island nation with a vibrant tourism sector. In addition to tourism, agriculture and financial services are key contributors to the economy. Prime Minister Dickon Mitchell, who assumed office in 2022, has prioritized economic recovery, infrastructure development, and social programs. Grenada is a member of the Commonwealth, CARICOM, and the OECS, where it plays a role in regional integration and development.
Caribbean and Americas
Guyana
Population:
Approximately 818,000 (2024)
Irfaan Ali
Guyana, located on the northern coast of South America, has recently experienced a significant economic transformation due to the discovery of vast offshore oil reserves. Agriculture, particularly sugar and rice, along with mining, were once the backbone of the economy, but oil production is now a key driver of growth. President Irfaan Ali, who took office in 2020, has focused on managing the oil boom while ensuring sustainable development and addressing climate change. Guyana, a member of the Commonwealth, is also involved in regional organizations such as CARICOM and UNASUR, promoting economic cooperation and environmental protection.
Caribbean and Americas
Jamaica
Population:
Approximately 2.83 million (2024)
Andrew Holness
Jamaica, an island nation in the Caribbean, is known for its vibrant culture, music (particularly reggae), and tourism industry. The economy is heavily reliant on tourism, agriculture, and mining, with bauxite being a major export. Prime Minister Andrew Holness, in office since 2016, has focused on economic reform, crime reduction, and social development. Governor General Patrick Allen represents the monarchy as the ceremonial head of state. Jamaica is an active member of the Commonwealth, playing a significant role in CARICOM and advocating for regional cooperation and climate change action.
Caribbean and Americas
Saint Lucia
Population:
Approximately 180,000 (2024)
Philip J. Pierre
Saint Lucia, located in the eastern Caribbean, is known for its iconic Piton mountains, rainforests, and luxury resorts. Tourism is the main driver of the economy, though the government also promotes agriculture, particularly banana exports. Prime Minister Philip J. Pierre, who took office in 2021, has focused on economic recovery, social development, and disaster preparedness. Saint Lucia is a member of the Commonwealth, CARICOM, and the OECS, and plays an active role in promoting regional integration and sustainable development.
Caribbean and Americas
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Population:
Approximately 54,000 (2024)
Terrance Drew
Saint Kitts and Nevis, the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, is known for its lush landscapes and tourism-driven economy. The government has also promoted citizenship-by-investment programs as a source of revenue. Prime Minister Terrance Drew, who took office in 2022, has emphasized economic diversification, healthcare, and education. The country is a member of the Commonwealth and CARICOM and is an advocate for regional integration and sustainable development.
Caribbean and Americas
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Population:
Approximately 110,000 (2024)
Ralph Gonsalves
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation in the Caribbean known for its agricultural sector, particularly banana cultivation, and its growing tourism industry. Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves, in office since 2001, has focused on economic development, social programs, and environmental sustainability. The country is a member of the Commonwealth, CARICOM, and the OECS, playing a key role in advocating for small island developing states on the international stage.
Caribbean and Americas
Trinidad and Tobago
Population:
Approximately 1.54 million (2024)
Keith Rowley
Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation in the Caribbean, is one of the wealthiest countries in the region, thanks to its oil and gas industry. While oil exports remain the main driver of the economy, the government is working to diversify into manufacturing, tourism, and financial services. Prime Minister Keith Rowley, who has been in office since 2015, focuses on economic reforms, infrastructure development, and addressing crime. President Christine Kangaloo, elected in 2023, serves as the ceremonial head of state. Trinidad and Tobago is an influential member of the Commonwealth and CARICOM, advocating for regional development and cooperation.
Europe
Cyprus
Population:
Approximately 1.27 million (2024)
Nikos Christodoulides
Cyprus is an island nation in the Eastern Mediterranean, known for its rich cultural history, beautiful landscapes, and strategic geopolitical location. The country is divided between the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus in the south and the Turkish-occupied northern region, with efforts toward reunification remaining a key issue in its political discourse. Cyprus has a robust economy driven by tourism, shipping, and financial services. The country also enjoys a strategic position as a gateway between Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Nikos Christodoulides, who became president in 2023, has prioritized addressing internal governance issues while pushing for reunification talks and strengthening ties with both the EU and Commonwealth. Cyprus actively participates in international diplomacy, including through the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the European Union.
Europe
Malta
Population:
Approximately 516,000 (2024)
George Vella
Malta is a small but strategically significant island nation in the central Mediterranean. Its economy thrives on tourism, financial services, and technology, with an increasing focus on digital innovation and sustainable development. Malta’s location has made it a crossroads of different cultures and civilizations throughout history, and this heritage is reflected in its rich architecture and traditions. The country also has a strong legal and regulatory framework, which has made it an attractive destination for international businesses. President George Vella, in office since 2019, and Prime Minister Robert Abela, who took office in 2020, focus on political stability, economic diversification, and sustainability. Malta is an active Commonwealth member, as well as a member of the EU, playing a critical role in Mediterranean and global diplomacy.
Europe
United Kingdom
Population:
Approximately 67 million (2024)
Rishi Sunak
The United Kingdom, comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is a prominent global player with a long history of influence in politics, culture, and economics. The UK’s economy is one of the largest in the world, with significant contributions from finance, manufacturing, technology, and the creative industries. It has a highly developed infrastructure, a diverse population, and rich cultural institutions. Following its exit from the European Union in 2020 (Brexit), the UK continues to redefine its international role, with a focus on trade, security, and diplomatic relations, including through the Commonwealth. King Charles III serves as the ceremonial monarch, while Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who took office in 2022, leads the government. The United Kingdom remains a key player on the global stage, with strong ties to the Commonwealth, NATO, and the United Nations.
Pacific
Australia
Population:
Approximately 26.7 million (2024)
Anthony Albanese
Australia is the largest country in Oceania and is known for its diverse landscapes, from vast deserts to lush rainforests and coastal cities. With a highly developed economy, Australia is a global leader in various sectors such as mining, agriculture, and services, including education and tourism. Its multicultural population contributes to a vibrant cultural scene. Politically, Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, and it has strong ties to both the Commonwealth and the Asia-Pacific region. Anthony Albanese, elected in 2022, focuses on strengthening Australia’s economy, addressing climate change, and fostering relations with neighbouring countries and international partners.
Pacific
Fiji
Population:
Approximately 926,000 (2024)
Sitiveni Rabuka
Fiji is an archipelago of over 300 islands in the South Pacific, renowned for its tropical beauty and rich cultural heritage. Tourism, agriculture, and remittances are significant drivers of the economy, with sugar and coconut products being key exports. Politically, Fiji has experienced periods of instability, but recent years have seen a focus on democratic governance and development. President Wiliame Katonivere and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, who was elected in 2022, lead efforts to address issues such as climate change, economic diversification, and fostering strong international partnerships, particularly within the Commonwealth.
Pacific
Kiribati
Population:
Approximately 123,000 (2024)
Taneti Maamau
Kiribati, a small island nation in the central Pacific, consists of 33 atolls and reef islands. Its economy is based on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and foreign aid. Climate change and rising sea levels pose significant threats to the nation, and much of the government’s policy is focused on environmental sustainability and finding solutions to these existential challenges. President Taneti Maamau, who has been in office since 2016, has advocated for climate change awareness on the global stage and for improved infrastructure development within Kiribati. The country’s membership in the Commonwealth strengthens its international advocacy for small island nations facing similar challenges.
Pacific
Nauru
Population:
Approximately 10,800 (2024)
David Adeang
Nauru is the third smallest country in the world by land area, located in the central Pacific. Once heavily dependent on phosphate mining, the island nation faces challenges as its phosphate reserves decline. Its economy now relies on aid, offshore banking, and hosting refugee detention centers as part of an agreement with Australia. President David Adeang, elected in 2023, faces significant challenges in ensuring sustainable development for the island, addressing environmental concerns, and exploring new economic opportunities. Despite its small size, Nauru plays an active role in regional and Commonwealth affairs.
Pacific
New Zealand
Population:
Approximately 5.2 million (2024)
Chris Hipkins
New Zealand is a diverse and prosperous country known for its breathtaking landscapes and high standard of living. Its economy is driven by agriculture, tourism, and a growing technology sector. Politically, New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy with a strong commitment to environmental sustainability and social justice. Chris Hipkins, the current prime minister, was appointed in 2023 and continues the country’s focus on climate change mitigation, economic resilience, and deepening ties with global partners, including Commonwealth nations. New Zealand is also known for its leadership in international diplomacy and peacekeeping missions.
Pacific
Papua New Guinea
Population:
Approximately 10.1 million (2024)
James Marape
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world, with over 800 languages spoken across its islands and mainland. The country is rich in natural resources, including oil, gold, and copper, but faces challenges such as poverty, limited infrastructure, and environmental degradation. Prime Minister James Marape, who assumed office in 2019, has focused on resource management, improving public services, and fostering economic growth. PNG’s membership in the Commonwealth reflects its commitment to international cooperation and sustainable development.
Pacific
Samoa
Population:
Approximately 220,000 (2024)
Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
Samoa is an independent nation located in the central Pacific and is known for its rich cultural traditions and scenic beauty. Agriculture, tourism, and remittances play crucial roles in the Samoan economy. Prime Minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, who became Samoa’s first female leader in 2021, focuses on sustainable development, climate action, and strengthening Samoa’s international relations. Samoa is a strong advocate for Pacific Island nations within the Commonwealth and at the United Nations, particularly on climate change issues.
Pacific
Solomon Islands
Population:
Approximately 750,000 (2024)
Manasseh Sogavare
The Solomon Islands is a nation of nearly 1,000 islands located in the Pacific Ocean. Its economy is based on agriculture, fishing, and timber, but it faces ongoing challenges with deforestation and resource management. Politically, the Solomon Islands has faced internal conflicts and relies heavily on foreign aid and peacekeeping missions. Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare, in office since 2019, focuses on national development, political stability, and international partnerships, especially within the Commonwealth.
Pacific
Tonga
Population:
Approximately 106,000 (2024)
Siaosi Sovaleni
Tonga is a Polynesian kingdom in the South Pacific, one of the few remaining monarchies in the world. The Tongan economy is supported by agriculture, fisheries, and remittances from its diaspora. King Tupou VI has served as the country’s head of state since 2012, and Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni leads the government, focusing on economic resilience, climate change, and infrastructure development. Tonga is an active member of the Commonwealth and other international organizations, advocating for small island nations’ rights and climate action.
Pacific
Tuvalu
Population:
Approximately 11,000 (2024)
Kausea Natano
Tuvalu is one of the smallest and most isolated countries in the world, located in the Pacific Ocean. Its economy is primarily based on fishing, remittances, and international aid. Like other Pacific Island nations, Tuvalu is significantly affected by climate change and rising sea levels, making environmental sustainability a key focus of its government. Prime Minister Kausea Natano has been vocal about climate change on the global stage, calling for urgent action to protect Tuvalu and other vulnerable nations. Tuvalu’s Commonwealth membership provides a platform for the country to advocate for small island states’ needs and interests.
Pacific
Vanuatu
Population:
Approximately 330,000 (2024)
Ishmael Kalsakau
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific with a diverse culture and geography. Agriculture, tourism, and offshore financial services are the pillars of its economy. However, the country is vulnerable to natural disasters and the impacts of climate change. President Nikenike Vurobaravu and Prime Minister Ishmael Kalsakau focus on sustainable development, disaster preparedness, and climate resilience. Vanuatu plays an active role in the Commonwealth, using its platform to advocate for climate justice and the interests of small island developing states.
